Improved apparatus for freezing



J. B. TOSELLI.

Apparatus for Freezing.

v N0. 78,159. Patented May 19, 1868.

Witnesses:

Inventor:

N PETERS. Phnln-Lilhognphu. Wuhingtun. u. c.

* Urrn JEAN BAPTISTE rosnntnor PARIS, FRfAncnjf,

IMPROVED APPARATULSFOR FREEZING. i y

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 78,159. dated May 19, i

y T0 all whom it may concern:

v I Beitknown thatLJEANBAP'rIsTE TosELLr, of Paris, France, have invented a new and Improved Method of Freezing and Cooling Liquids; and -I do hereby delare that the fola lowing is a full, clear, and exact description it thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being 1 had to the accompanying drawings of an ap- 1 paratus employed in the process of refrigera tion, forming part of this specification.

i Thisinven tion relates to animproved uiethod of freezin g and cooling water and other liquids; and the apparatus employed for the purpose consists in a metal cylinder or vessel, for eontaining liquids to be congealed or cooled, in closed in another metal cylinder or vessel, andsurrounded by chemical refrigerating sub- 1 stances properly prepared, the said apparatus I beingso constructed and arrangedthat it can be rotated or oscillated for the purpose of thoroughly agitating and changing the position of all portions of the refrigerating-liquids to act rapidly upon all parts of the liquids to be congealed or cooled, as hereinafter more 1 particularly described.

The apparatus of my invention which I Qhave employed for this purpose is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whichi t Figure l is a central vertical section. Fig.

2 is a transverse or horizontal section through Tithe line 1 2.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

An external metallic cylinder, a, incloses a metallic cylinder, 0, with a space between I them for containing the refrigerating sub- .stances or liquids for congealing or cooling liquids to be placed in the cylinder or interior "vessel, 0. For greater efficiency the external cylinder, at, is wrapped in a jacket, b, of wool,

or other suitable non-conducting material, to

prevent the radiation of heat inwardly.

1 The ends of the external cylinder, a, are closed by thick wooden lids or covers d (I, packed with india-rubber rings ff, and secured by set-screws h h,for drawing down tightly the hcross-bars g g on the sides or covers d d.

On the sides of the cylinder at are arms it,

provided with trunnions Ink, for oscillating or ,1. y rotating the whole apparatus, which may be efl'ected with a crank attached to 'oneof the, 1

journals j. t

It will be seen that this refrigerating appai ratus may be variously modified-in, itsform and arrangement without deviating from the". v essential pr1nc1ple of my invention, which is the application of chemical refrigerating substances by means of. an apparatus so constructed and operated that by its movement all portions of the liquid to be congealed or cooled shall be agitated and rapidlyfinten changed in contact with the surface of a vessel surrounded by the refrigerating chemical substances.

An apparatus den demands of a battle-field to congeal or cool a small quantity of water for the immediate use of a patient.

It is well known to "scientific that by uniting together one volume ofwaterin weight with one volume of subcarbonateof soda and one volume of niti ate of ammonia a reduction of temperature is obtained of +50 to -2, or

84 Fahrenheit. But l have discovered that a much greater reduction of temperature may i c be obtained by the combination of these chem;

ical ingredients inthe following manner, viz.:

Mixing 'aj i evolume of wa o u and ne volume of suboarbonate of soda for y t the space ofthree minutes, or until thoro hl combined, and then adding to this mixture one volume of nitrate of ammonia, wherebya reduction of temperature takes place equalito 91 Fahrenheit. This method of mixing and,

combinin g the refrigerating chemicals is there? fore much more effective in congealing liquids; for, whereas the reduction of temperature by.

the ordinary known method of combination i of these chemicals would not be below 32, and would therefore be insufficient forproducing ice artificially, by my improved method of successively mixing and combining the chemical ingredients, the temperature is reduced several degrees below 32, and is therefore a I eifective in the production of ice artificially, i

for this purpose may be adapted to difi'erent circumstances and needs,

and especially in a portable form to the sud 3 when properly applied with an apparatus such as has been described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The method of congealing' and cooling liquids by the application of the chemical rcfrigerating substances, substantially as herein described.

2. The successive mixture and combination of Water and subcarbonate of soda with nitrate ofannmonia, as and for the purpose herein de scribed. V

3. The apparatus herein described, or its substantial equivalent, for congealing and cooling liquids with chemical refrigerating substances, substantially as described.

J; B. TosELL't. 

